History of Twitter write a well researched paper on the evolution, Research

History of Twitter compose a very much explored on the development, flow status and future patterns for the New Media theme you have chosen - Research Paper Example Scarcely into its fifth year, Twitter enlisted clients are now at present evaluated to be in the several millions and its incomes to be in the billions of dollars. To be sure, Twitter is an effective story worth telling and following. In 2006, a product engineer named Jack Dorsey drew nearer Odeo, a media syndication organization, to examine his thoughts of making a â€Å"real-time status-correspondence stage with a social spin† where one could share and basically communicate to others pretty much anything from tattle to basic contemplations. Business Stone, the author of Odeo, enjoyed the thought and Dorsey’s proposition was pronounced as a side undertaking of Odeo. It was concluded that the SMS foundation of cell phones would be unmistakably appropriate for the venture and a limit of 140 characters, shy of the 160 characters-breaking point of SMS text informing, ought to be utilized as far as possible (Thomases, p. x; Sagolla, p. xvii). Dorsey’s thought was a much needed refresher to Odeo, which was around then making some troublesome memories selling its most recent innovation Audio Blogger to clients due to the hardened rivalry acted by such heavyweights like Apple Corp. The organization chose it needed to reexamine itself and Dorsey’s person to person communication microblogging thought was viewed as an open door after it was introduced in a day-long conceptualizing of Odeo technocrats. Dorsey, Biz and Florian Weber proceeded to pound out the model of Dorsey’s proposition while the others proceeded with the typical organization business to ensure that if Dorsey’s thought bombs the organization has something to swear by (Sagolla p. xviii). The model was worked in about fourteen days and the administration was first tried by Odeo staff and different insiders, for example, their close relatives. It was altogether online and the primary messages, which were communicated by Dorsey, were â€Å"waiting for dom to refresh

An Coastal Destination Sustainable Tourism Planning Tourism Essay Essay Example

A Coastal Destination Sustainable Tourism Planning Tourism Essay Example A Coastal Destination Sustainable Tourism Planning Tourism Essay A Coastal Destination Sustainable Tourism Planning Tourism Essay This paper will dissect the manageability of South Australia touristry Plan for 2009 - 2014. This paper will place and measure the substance of the touristry program is it feasible. Furthermore, reason the great and practical of the program. To the straightforward meaning of feasible touristry is achieving quality developing in a mode that does non expend the common and assembled condition and jelly the human advancement, history, and legacy of the neighborhood network ( David, 2006 ) . Pull offing reasonable touristry in the new millenary relies upon the propelled strategy and course, which are including the connection between nearby networks, the private division, and the experts being developed activity to ensure the characteristic, manufactured, and social conditions in a way with the monetary developing. That are what the south Australia touristry program need to make. Australia s alone indigenous habitat is a basic segment of its planetary touristry supplication and is viewed by touristry arranging associations as a cardinal property that separates Australia from viing touristry finishs in the planetary market. The Australian national Parkss, Marine Parkss and other secured nations are assessed to pull 80 million visitants yearly ( Tourism and Transport Forum 2004 ) . Maintainability has continuously gotten an of import aspect of touristry improvement by and large ( Bramwell, 1998 ) , however is seen much a greater amount of import to the finishs that depend on nature as their central tourer alluring power ( Hudson and Miller 2005 ) . South Australia is a territory in the southern cardinal segment of Australia. It covers probably the most waterless pieces of the landmass ; with a whole land nation of 983,482 square kilometers ( 379,725 square meters ) , it is the fourth biggest of Australia s six areas and two territory locale. The territory comprises for the most part of waterless and semi-bone-dry rangelands, with a few low mountain scopes. The South Australian Tourism Plan 2009-2014 maps out cardinal plans for turning the estimation of the area s touristry division. It is inseparably connected toward the South Australian Strategic Plan characteristic of making a $ 6.3 billion touristry industry by 2014. This is intended to ensure that touristry and touristry related concerns are attainable and manageable. This program distinguishes the business s cardinal means to 2014, inside the more extensive setting of South Australia s competitory open introduction and the probable from now on of touristry, both broadly and all inclusive. Thusly Sustainable touristry advancement ought to in add-on to providing financial returns and a top notch understanding for visitants, other than reason at securing the common habitat it works in and bettering the personal satisfaction of host inhabitants ( Aronsson 2000 ) . In the South Australia touristry program, the program cardinal point of convergence nations and their 13 plans, which can plunge to the 4 sections, convey, create, buy and outing to equilibrate the three simply references. Blending to their closures and imprint, to be economical it ought to be satisfy expanding the positive and limiting the negative impacts of touristry. The ternary underside lines are fit here. It is broadly acknowledged that the touristry business parcels with nearby inhabitants, authoritiess, and network the obligation to secure and keep the regular and social legacy assets of our planet, both to draw out financial frameworks and to be given healthy to future coevalss ( Wall, 1999 ) . The Triple Bottom Line has been depicted as portraying that offers thought to monetary outcomes, ecological quality and cultural value ( Gilkison, 1999, p. 2 ) . The Triple Bottom Line may other than be characterized as the arrival on capital contributing when assessed and estimated along financial, cultural and natural measurements ( Sauvante, 2001, p. 2 ) . Orchestrating the ternary primary concern. The first of the class is the financial supportability, As one segment of a completion monetary framework, touristry must help back up a possible monetary base ( Ritchie, 2003 ) . Improvement is financially productive and assets are overseen so they can back up future coevalss. The South Australia touristry program which is a drawn out idea of the manageable touristry. The program sketches expand stairss, however centers around the significant plans the Plan must achieve to drive the full business forward. The crowd technique uncovered that the two specialists and industry lean toward this assault. Both are focused on enveloping and introducing on these cardinal finishes. The program boss imprint is to build visitant outgo in South Australia touristry industry from $ 3.7 billion of every 2002 to $ 6.3 billion by 2014. To achieve the 2014 imprint requires 6 percent for each annum standard developing. The State Government and the South Austral ian touristry industry reason to close this spread by expanding visitant Numberss and length of remain, and all the more altogether, expanding visitant spend. This is clearly a strong imprint that the touristry programs are taking for. One of the supportable of the monetary is the nearby inhabitant occupation security, touristry request can be very regular. The endeavor of the South Australia to increase occupation security will better monetary supportability. The travel industry is a significant in South Australia, and the program serves to reenforce the range and vitality of the business. In this program reference that Grow new and existing celebrations and occasions. This sorts of the occasions and celebration making both direct business and the circuitous work from that. Contingent upon the handiness of nearby work and the achievements and information assets that are required, the bringing in of outside work ought to non be over the top. In any case, one thing that can non see i s acquire their occupation during the slow time of year or after the occasions. What's more the prizes, wages and advantages are non be secure. The travel industry is much of the time apparent to be a low-gifted, low-salary division. While huge numbers of the administration occupations in touristry and heartfelt gathering might be portrayed as such. The travel industry support have numerous higher pay occupations, for example, inn executive, talented structure laborers guides and so on ( Ritchie, 2003 ) . A monetarily manageable touristry plan should look to deliver a wide extent of work possibilities Following the financial manageability is the sociocultural. The South Australia program are making somewhat acceptable on that. The personal satisfaction in a completion relies upon more than simply monetary prosperity. The health and verve of cultural of cultural and social frameworks and foundations assists with making a situation which inhabitant find significant in their pursuit of felicity ( Ritchie, 2003 ) . These include: the justness framework, guidance framework, travel, correspondences and the area. From the guidance framework the program goes about as a motivation for students sing a bringing in the business. The State Government has set up the Food, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Skills Advisory Council to explicitly put work power propensities and rising achievements requests. Its general design is to pull and hold a gifted work power to help drive the great beyond of the business. This is an incredible beginning of the neighborhood instructive framework. It got numero us advantages on that, increment the cognizance of the cultural, increment the understudy contribution on the touristry business and teach more experts for the great beyond South Australia touristry or related industry individuals. Moreover, the travel and travel other than is a part of sociocultural. By achieving and keeping movement handiness by creating available and propelled transport, which meets thorough maintainability rules is need. The South Australia is going to better conveyance channels and the air course. The program heading out to work together market with air hoses and significant touristry administrators and streamline new designing. Rousing individuals to go is one part of turning touristry. Guarantee all around and locally associated through the movement dissemination frameworks no undertaking on the web or customary. On the different manus, expansion exceptionally direct inbound flights. Adelaide and South Australia is an under-adjusted completion. The reason for existing is to divert local hebdomadal spot Numberss from 70,000 to 100,000 and double global spot Numberss. Each new spot into Adelaide is another opportunity to pass on another visitant to South Australia what's more giving increa singly possibility and pick to travel. The South Australia inhabitant will procure benefit on that, they will more accommodation to venture out to go. The program in the end want to secure accomplish a 90 percent assessment of network and business affirmation in touristry as a significant supporter of personal satisfaction in South Australia. This implies: the greater part of concerns and inhabitants view and worth touristry as a positive developer of pride, success and work or life balance in South Australia s metropolitan and local nations. At that point, political supportability is the remainder of the ternary main concern. Political supportability is only from time to time recognized as one of mainstays of manageability. However we feel that it is conceivably basic to the worthiness of any arrangement ( Brown and Essex, 1997 ) . To do the program smooth and voyaging great, the specialists guarantees a positive arrangement condition to the guidelines without hardly lifting a finger new feasible turn of events. Advance speculators by guaranting that outer arranging and approach obstacles to manageable touristry improvement are expelled. This will require an all-of-government assault what's more the specialists Ensure outer arranging and strategy obstructions to economical touristry improvement are expelled

Reading Lists! - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Reading Lists! - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Reading Lists! It is summertime, which means that the summer reading lists are out in full force. In my house (with a rising sixth and a rising eighth grader), there is now a great deal of moaning going on whenever I bring up the dreaded reading word. Yes, I understand that school is just now out for a lot of students, and the last thing you want to do is sit down and read a book. And my answer to both my two kids and to everyone else? Too bad, now go and read!. Okay, I am not that harsh, but I do suggest (both to you and my kids) setting aside 20-30 minutes a day to read, whether it is a book off the reading list or one you just pick up at the local library. In looking at the two reading lists, I have gone through at least eight of the books in the last two years. One of them, The House of the Scorpion by Nancy Farmer, is a great book that I just finished a week ago. Why do I push reading? If you want to do better in your English classes, write better, have a stronger SAT Critical Reading, stronger SAT Writing, communicate better, etc, one great way to do this is to dig into books. Read across the spectrum, from non-fiction to thrillers to sci-fi, but no matter what, read! As for me, I just finished re-reading one of my favorite books, The Moon is a Harsh Mistress by R. Heinlein, and I am in the middle of two others (The Big Short by Michael Lewis and Watership Down by Richard Adams. My wife bugs me for reading more than one book at a time, but that is just the way I am. So go grab those reading lists and start reading! Enjoy, and Go Dawgs!

Rekindling Lost Love in Ray Bradburys A Story About Love...

I decided to write this in pencil, knowing it would have to be transcribed onto a computer later because it seemed natural. I forgot how easy they are to use when time has given me so much technology, time has given me a computer. Natural seems the most appropriate thing to do when referencing a story about love. Love is something ironically so clichà © and so important that I always take it for granted, like this beautiful piece of yellow painted wood with a small number two engraved into it. Like love, when using a pencil sometimes mistakes are made, but the eraser like time doesn’t fully cover them up ever. Pretending mistakes don’t exist, doesn’t make them go away, only writing something more profound over it can make it seem that way. I†¦show more content†¦Through conversation, Helen and William became â€Å"very familiar to each other, on the best of terms† (Schwiebert 250), Helen and William start to fall in love again. Throughout the story, William and Helen are constantly laughing and light humored about everything. Often the power of laughter is underestimated along with love. It’s underestimated until the day it’s missing. Allowing â€Å"the laughter to come naturally from his mouth for the first time in many months†, (Schwiebert 249) was when William realized he was in love with Helen. He immediately sat back, remembered, and pictured her young and beautiful like the women he was in love with before, and realized she was the women he was in love with still. At one point, the two lovebirds must confess to each other the moment they first were in love. Helen confesses she was in love with him seventy years ago which predated his birth by twenty-nine years. She was in love with him in the form of a different man by the name of Robert she knew when she was twenty-five, who she let get away. She actually felt William had to be the reincarnation of Robert even if that was a lot of â€Å"milk mush† (Schwiebert 253). William admitted he fell in love with a picture he found of her when she was seventy-five years younger. He immediately fell in love with her; only to find out she was quite a few years older. He had realized by then that he was truly in love with her even though she was no longer a

Comparing Stereotypes and Stereotyping in Measuring My...

Conformity and Stereotypes in Measuring My Blood and The Artificial Nigger Adults frequently make conscious attempts to pass on their values and judgments concerning a number of matters to younger generations by sharing their own views. Generally, the advice they pass on is helpful for one to become a successful, productive member of the general population; however, this process of indoctrination can be harmful if the views shared by the elder are racist. Gerald Vizenors Measuring My Blood and Flannery OConnors The Artificial Nigger explore the circumstances in which racist individuals try to induce others into following stereotypical ideas and how their influence can lead to a negative outcome. One†¦show more content†¦The criticism of the inquiry into Vizenors death comes from his own son many years later when he reaches adulthood. As the son asks his probing questions into what actually occurred to resolve his fathers injustice, the chief of police defends his own work by stating that we [the police department] never spent much time on winos and derelicts in those days...Who knows, one Indian vagrant kills another (73). By sharing this racist view, the officer casts Vizenors father in a negative light while also boosting his own sense of self-worth. In the cops opinion, his own time is very valuable and cannot be spared on some insignificant murder victim belonging to the minority community. Naturally, Vizenor is taken back by such harsh criticism of his own father and he does not respond well to such blatantly racist comments; the cop is unsuccessful in his ill-tempered attempts at indoctrination. While Mr. Head and the chief of police share a common bond because they both use racist comments to feel better about themselves, there is a differenceShow MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesCollege; and Stephanie Tucker, California State University Sacramento. Thinking and writing about logical reasoning has been enjoyable for me, but special thanks go to my children, Joshua, 8, and Justine, 3, for comic relief during the months of writing. This book is dedicated to them. For the 2012 edition: This book is dedicated to my wife Hellan whose good advice has improved the book in many ways. vi Table of Contents Preface.............................................................

Anthology of Poems Free Essays

â€Å"When someone loves you, the way they say your name is different. You know that your name is safe in their mouth. † This persuasive essays purpose is to persuade the reader to include three phenomenal poems in an anthology of Indigenous Poetry. We will write a custom essay sample on Anthology of Poems or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each of the poems that will be introduced have been written by indigenous Australians, and each includes a form of a relationship within them, not only with people, but with culture, and Aboriginal and European Australians. The first poem to be introduced is Aboriginal Australia, by Jack Davis. This gut wrenching poem is about the treacherous acts that the Europeans committed against the Aborigines. The second poem that will be discussed is Took the Children Away by Archie Roach. This poem, or song, is about the Stolen Generation, and the repercussions that it had on the children that experienced that event. Finally, the poem Son of Mine by Oodgeroo Noonuccal will be introduced. Son of Mine is about the emotions behind the fighting of the Europeans and Aborigines. Each of the three poems has a rightful place in an anthology of Indigenous Poetry. The first poem that will be introduced is Aboriginal Australia written by poet Jack Davis. Aboriginal Australia is a raw and overwhelming poem about what the Europeans did to, and the effects that it had on most indigenous Australians. To support this heartfelt poem, Davis uses metaphors to accentuate the bold words that he has felt. The line, â€Å"I would find a pen to probe your freckled mind,† demonstrates the emotions that he was feeling in detail. It shows that between particular people relationships do not always have a strong foundation, and are often weak. Likewise Davis’ use of imagery in, â€Å"The smile on the Governor’s face,† validates not only the emotion that the Governor was feeling, but what he thought about everything that was happening to the aborigines. Aboriginal Australia is a heart wrenching poem about the tumultuous events that were caused by the white people when they unjustly murdered and kidnapped a large sum of the indigenous population. The poem demonstrates the idea that at one point in time the relationships between white and black people was that of hatred. The second poem that I wish to discuss is Took the Children Away, by Archie Roach, is a heartfelt story about the Stolen Generation. Having been one of the children that were taken away by the whites, Roach takes an insightful approach to his lyrics. The emotive and accusatory tone that Roach acquires, gives real meaning to his poem. Using the simile, â€Å"And how they fenced us in like sheep,† to convey the idea that the Aborigines didn’t really think that they had a say in how their life went, they were metaphorically trapped in their own skin. The aboriginal children started to lose their relationship with their land and culture. The Aboriginal children were taught how to act and live, being told that it was good manners to always do what they were told, no matter how ridiculous the order was. Likewise, Roach’s shrewd use of visual imagery in, â€Å"said to us come take our hand, sent us off to mission land,† creates an idea of juxtaposition as they told the children that they were going to help and teach them, when all they did was send them off to white families as servants. The aboriginal people were told that they would be treated with respect, and they would be educated, but were treated the exact opposite of what they were told. Took the Children Away deserves to be in the anthology of Indigenous Australian poetry as it has been written from a personal perspective, and has the exact emotions that were felt by one of the stolen children. The third and final poem that I would like to talk over is Son of Mine by Oodgeroo Noonuccal. Son of Mine is a short and straight to the point poem on the experiences that the Aboriginal people went through while fighting the Europeans. It discusses the good and bad emotions, and actions that the Aboriginals went through, including the heartbreak, and brotherhood that both races experienced. Noonuccal has great pride in her tone when she mentions the, â€Å"†¦ brave and fine,† men that put others before themselves during the often hard and tumultuous events that occurred. She describes the different relationships between the two different races. Noonuccal really defines the large gap between the two different relationships, and how quick the relationship could change. Noonuccal’s use of juxtaposition in, â€Å"black and white entwine,† deeply expresses the relationships between the two different cultures of indigenous, and European. Son of Mine definitely deserves to be in an Anthology for Indigenous Australians as it is one of the only texts that include both the hatred, and the brotherhood between the white and indigenous Australians. It would be a great addition to the anthology. All three of these poems demonstrate some sort of a relationship. They show great compassion for whatever topic they are artistically discussing. Aboriginal Australia, Took the Children Away, and Son of Mine all demonstrate feelings of hurt, happiness and heartbreak, thus making them beneficial for the anthology. The three poems that have been introduced each have a theme of relationships, whether between race, or culture. They definitely deserve a spot in an anthology of Indigenous Poetry. How to cite Anthology of Poems, Essay examples

Management Report of Toyota Motor Corporation †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Management Report of Toyota Motor Corporation. Answer: Introduction The Toyota Company remains one of the fastest growing multinationals with its outlets spread in most countries across the world. The unique management structure in addition to effective leadership styles serve as some of the main reasons behind the companys organizational success. Despite the fact the company deals with a relatively wide market base which may be characterized by hefty consumer demands and changing trends, the company has remained clinical in its execution of operational strategies. It is equally a fact worth noting that the Toyota Company comprises over 100 outlets spread in different locations depending on the various factors and the business environment. One of the leading plants is the Altona Manufacturing plant located in Australia. The others are situated in ripe market areas like Europe, Asia and the United States of America. Good infrastructure, stable economic environments as well as comfortable business policies are some of the core determinants before the c ompany sets up an outlet base. However, the business environment tends to change as one moves from one country to another (Dunning, 2003). This transition could be attributed to changes in consumer behavior, government policies, socio-economic factors as well as the level of economic growth. Consequently, the managerial approach implemented in one location may be inapplicable in a different country due to this dynamic nature. It is therefore appropriate for a manager who is changing his place of work, to have a substantial knowledge of some of the aspects which may impact his working life and hence managerial approaches (Bray and Waring, 2009). This report basically covers the human resource and the employment relations issues which may impact a new managers working strategies especially when the change involves switching countries. Employment Relations Issues The relationship between the employees and their employers is a sensitive aspect in business organizations which requires the necessary attention. As a manager, it would be important to have an in depth understanding of some of the crucial aspects which have a direct impact on the performance of employees (Campbell, 2002). It is even more important for a leader to note the management approaches which have a direct impact on the reception of the employees. Some of these aspects include the rights of employees in terms of age and the minimum remuneration the employees may be entitled to. In line with employee relations, the report highlights some of the issues which may impact the managers working life. Time The minimum duration that an employee is supposed to be at their place of work tends to differ from one place to another. This largely depends on policies set aside by the government to regulate the treatment of employees. For instance in a 24-hour economy, an employee is likely to take longer periods at work compared to the case in a 12-hour economy. For instance in the United States, the set period for work may differ from the nature of operations in Australia. As a result, the manager may have challenges adjusting to these changes especially when it comes to delegation of duties as well as sharing of responsibilities (Collings and Wood, 2009). For a 24-hour work schedule, there may be an inevitable need to adjust the managerial commitment to adequately cover all the working hours. These strategies ought to be meted out with the necessary caution to ensure that the employees are neither underworked nor overworked Wages brackets The minimum wage as depicted by both the government regulations and the stipulations of the trade unions also tend to vary as one moves from country to another. As a manager, it is important to note the aspect which escalates the levels of motivation among the employees (Dabsheck, 2000). The remunerations given to the employees in return for their services ought to be vital in enhancing their desire to offer more to the company. When the wage levels are low, the employees are less likely to stay aggressive in giving their best to the company. Such work environments lead to low output by employs which culminates in various managerial challenges. The wage ranges in Australia tend to differ from the stipulated brackets in the United States. As a result, a manager moving from Australia to the US might face challenges especially when they try to remain rigid with the former wage levels (Daft and Armstrong, 2009). Employment Age The other crucial aspect when it comes to employment in organizations is the aspect of age. The legal stipulations placed to govern the process of employment by companies equally tend to take dynamic trends hence changing from one place to another (Glisson, 2008). For instance, the law allows organizations to employ individuals who have attained the age of 18 and above. It is interesting to note that this line varies from one country to another. While some countries state the employment age at a relatively lower level for instance, 16-years, in other places, an individual is not considered to have attained an employment age unless they are 20-years or over. The employment age in Australia is definitely different from the case in the US where in some industries; even individuals below the age of 18 are absorbed depending on the union policies (Gomez-Mejia and David, 2008). In line with this aspect, the manager is likely to face challenges when it comes to finding the right people for the job. The Toyota Company being an industrial multinational comprises various departments and channels which require the right expertise and experience in order achieve both managerial and organizational success. As such, certain employment regulations such as the aspects of age might minimize the managers options as they choose the right employees (John, 2001). The other challenge that might arise in line with the aspect of age is variations in managerial approaches required to deal with individuals of different age groups. The organization is likely to comprise both young and old employees each of which may have different work philosophies. Since it is the common that a new manager is likely to come with his own work philosophy into a new work environment, the reception of employees to these leadership approaches may act as an impediment to successful leadership. Employment Requirements With references to government policies regarding business operations in a country, the requirements set aside for employment also vary from one place to another. At the same time, the companys policies play a crucial role in determining the minimum qualifications which an individual must have in order to qualify for employment at Toyota Company. It may be a challenge for the manager especially when it comes to harmonizing the government policies and the trade union polices with the companys policies (Johnason, 2009). For instance in the United States, academic qualifications such as degrees and diplomas are considered important yet this may not be the case in other countries such as Australia. Failing to employ an individual based on their academic qualifications may result in legal challenges especially when the new manager is not in full knowledge of academic qualification related employment issues. Changing Employee needs The other employment relations issue which may affect the managers bid to implement his strategies at the new place of work is the dynamic nature of the employees needs. It is a fact worth noting that the work cultures, personal initiatives and individual commitments at the place of work tend to vary from individual to another (Kerensky, 2002). The situation equally changes from one country to another. This therefore implies that the employees in the US based company might present needs that may prove overwhelming to the manager in one way or the other. Such needs may include requests for pay rise, frequent time offs and perhaps resignations depending on the company situation (Klerck, 2009). Some of these aspects may be beyond the managers ability especially when several employees choose to resign from their posts at the same time due to dissatisfaction at the place of work. It would therefore be important to understand the various employee needs and respond to them as efficiently as possible in order to enhance their levels of commitment at work and specifically to Toyota Companys core goals and objectives. Human Resource Management Issues The human resource fraternity forms the most instrumental segment of an organization. The people employed to aid in the achievement of an organizations goals and objectives remain pivotal in enhancing organizational success. As a result, it is always a crucial requirement for every manager to ensure that the human resource fraternity is at its best at all times. The strategy may involve the use of appropriate leadership strategies, decision making skills as well as motivational approaches (Levi, 2007). Failure to use the right channels might cause a new manager to face various HRM related challenges at the place of work. Some of the issues are highlighted below. Diversity The United States similar to most developed countries has its industries characterized by an extremely diverse workforce. Individuals from various walks of life enter the country in search of employment and other opportunities for development. The US itself comprises individuals who are different from each other along the aspect of race, religion and culture just to mention but few. At the same time, the Toyota Company being a multinational tends to employ workers from different walks of life hence the human resource fraternity at the US based company is equally likely to comprise a diverse workforce (Levi, 2002). Diversity comes with a myriad challenges especially for the manager who has to deal with individuals with varied ideologies and approach to organizational aspects. For instance the differences in terms of cultures and backgrounds may be accompanied by challenges to effective communication within the organization. When the work force comprises individuals who speak different native languages and have a low understanding of the formal language in America, communicating ideologies to such individuals may be a challenge. This is basically caused by variations in the nature reception to messages (Paauwe and Boon, 2009). Consequently, poor communication leads to slow movement of information within the organization which in turn slows down other crucial processes. Poor communication as a result of work force diversity is therefore one of the major issues likely to impact the new managers work in the United States. Additionally, diversity at the work place can be illustrated by differences in gender and age. Depending on the legal stipulations outlined by a country on the treatment of employees, there is the need for equal opportunities presented to both the males and the females within an organization (Peetz, 2006). It may therefore be a challenge for the manager when it comes to obtaining a common ground for all the workers despite their gender, age, religion and sexual orientations. For instance in the United States, the law is particular on unfair treatment of individuals based on their sexual orientations. As such if the managers personal philosophy abhors people with unique sexual orientations, he is likely to face a challenge if he installs strategies which go against the host countrys stance on equal treatment of people despite who they are. Diversity also involves variations in culture. The cultural beliefs and activities tend to differ from one place to another. For instance, the Australians are characterized by given cultural orientations, practices and beliefs. This may not be the case in the United States. Consequently, the manager may have problems bringing together a people whose beliefs are diverse. There are leadership strategies and approaches which may not augur well with the American culture, in case of such situations, the workers are likely to take longer period of time adjusting to the new change in leadership. When such challenges are not sorted in good time, they may go a long way in slowing down the process of organizational development (Trevisani, 2016). Motivation In order to keep the worker force committed to the organizations goals, there is need for appropriate motivational structures within the company. Good motivation is determined by a carefully established reward structure which covers all the aspects and departments within an organization (Posey, 2012). The new manager may face challenges in the new place of work especially due to the fact that the motivational needs of the human resource fraternity varies from one country to another. Consequently, using a rewards scheme similar to what was being applied in the former place of work may not operate effectively for the manager in the United States, At the same time, the manager may have challenges adjusting to the already established reward scheme may be another challenge for the manager (Punch, 2006). It would therefore be important to establish the necessary adjustments on the leadership strategies which are likely to improve the motivational levels at the new place of work. Leadership Approaches The human resource, despite its pivotal role, is a complex body which requires the most effective leadership structures. In case the manager intends to overhaul the work philosophy, the workers reception to this transition may either be detrimental or constructive in line with the organizational performance (Riemann, 2008). The manager is therefore likely to face a number of challenges bringing in his leadership approaches at the new place of work. Some of these ideologies may be different from what the workers are used to. This may result in the workers resistance to this change in leadership which in turn prolongs the period the manager needs to settle at the new place of work. Recommendations The report outlines some of the employment relations and human resource management issues a manager changing places from Australia to the US is likely to face. In line with the issues highlighted above, a number of recommendations can be fronted. To begin with, the manager needs to have a good understanding of the policies established by the US government as well as the trade and workers unions. The regulations tend to differ from one place to another hence having a good grasp of the situation in America would enable the manager to make the necessary prior adjustments (Robert, 2003). The other recommendation would be the managers need to embrace flexible leadership approaches which would adequately cater for the varying employee needs as one moves from one place to another. The leadership strategies also need to be effective enough in handling the issue of diversity at the place of work. When these issues are not adequately addressed, vital processes such as decision making and the o verall organizational performance are greatly influence. Conclusion In this report, a number of issues related to employment relations and human resource management have been highlighted as some of the challenges likely to be faced by the manager in his new place of work. In line with the aspect of employment relations, the report notes the aspects of changing employee requirements, time, age and the variations in government policies on management of business organizations as some of the issues which are likely to impact the manager in his new place of work . In line with the aspect of human resource management, changing motivational needs, differences in reception to the new leadership approaches as well as diversity at the place of work have been outlined as some of the issues likely to impact the managers working life. It would therefore be necessary for the manager to make the necessary adjustments in terms of leadership approaches, ideologies and philosophies in order to ensure that the change in work location will have the least negative impact on the performance of Toyota Company in the United States of America. References Bray, M. and Waring, P. (2009) Employment Relations: Theory and Practise. Sydney: McGraw Hill Campbell, J. (2002) Personnel training and development. Annual Review of Psychology, 22(1), pp. 565602. Collings, D. and Wood, G. (2009) Human resource management. London: Routledge. Dabsheck, B. (2000) The Australian Waterfront Dispute and theories of the state. Journal of Industrial Relations, 42(1), pp. 497-516. Daft, R. and Armstrong, G. (2009) Organization Theory and Design. Toronto: Nelson. Dunning, J. (2003) Multinational enterprise and the global economy, England: Addison-Wesley Publishers. Glisson, M. (2008) Productivity and Efficiency in Human Service Organizations as related to Structure, size and Age. The Academy of Management Journal, 23(1), pp. 21--37. Gomez-Mejia, Luis R. and David, B.(2008) Management: People, Performance, Change. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 20 John, W (2001) Industrial Law and Governance New York: Dryden Press. Johnason, P. (2009) HRM in changing organizational contexts. London: Routledge. Kerensky, K. (2002) Analysis Methods in Comparative Employment Relations. Harlow Longman, London. Klerck, G. (2009) Industrial relations and human resource management. Journal of Management, 2(1), pp. 1-6. Levi, M. (2007) Gender Based Issues at the Workplace, London: Tavistock. Levi, M. (2002) The organization and the Workforce. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Paauwe, J. and Boon, C. (2009) Strategic HRM: A critical review. Journal of Management, 4(2), pp. 23-27. Peetz, D. (2006) Brave New Workplace: How Individual Contracts are changing our Jobs. Sydney: Allen Unwin Publishers. Posey, R. (2012) Modern Organization Theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 5 (4), pp. 609611. Punch, M (2006) Dirty Business, London: Sage Riemann, J. (2008). The Minimum Wage Laws, Boston: Allyn Bacon Robert, M. (2003) Employment Relations, London: Butterworth. Trevisani, D. (2016) Communication for Leadership: Coaching Leadership Skills. Medialab Research, 34(1), pp. 23-34.

The Mourning Process A Critical Analysis from Different Perspectives

Clark Surname Meaning and Origin

Clark Surname Meaning and Origin The Clark surname is an occupational name for cleric, clerk, or scholar - one who can read and write, from the Old English cler(e)c, meaning priest.  Also from the Gaelic Mac a Chlerich/Cleireach; son of the cleric or, sometimes, clerk. During the Middle Ages, the common pronunciation of -er was -ar, so the man who sold items was the marchant, and the man who kept the books was the clark. At the time, the primary members of the literate class were the clergy, which in minor orders were allowed to marry and have families. The term clerk (clark) eventually came to designate any literate man. The Cleary / OClery surname, one of the oldest surnames in Ireland, is often anglicized to Clarke or Clark. Clark is the 25th most popular surname in the United States and the 34th most common in England. Clarke, with an e, is actually more common in England - coming in as the 23rd most popular surname. It is also a very common name in Scotland (14th) and Ireland. Surname Origin English, Irish Alternate Surname Spellings ï » ¿CLARKE, CLERK, CLERKE Famous People With the Surname CLARK William Clark - one half of the legendary Lewis Clark expedition to the Pacific Ocean, along with Meriwether Lewis.Guy Clark - American singer/songwriterArthur C. Clarke - British science fiction writer, best known for 2001: A Space Odyssey Genealogy Resources for the Surname CLARK 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Clark(e) Surname DNA ProjectThis project was started to determine if the early Clark families in Virginia were of the same family, and/or if they were connected to explorer William Clark. The project has now expanded to include a broader scope of Clark families around the world. Clark Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Clark surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Clark query. There is also a separate forum for the CLARKE variation of the Clark surname. FamilySearch - CLARK GenealogyFind records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Clark surname and its variations. DistantCousin.com - CLARK Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Clark. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Critical Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Issues - Essay Example This sorting out procedure will require following of five stipulated principles some of which include provision of funds to states with lowest capacity to raise their own revenue, consider the effects of fiscal responsibility and provision of clear separation of responsibility between the state and local government (Foundation Fiscal Partners, 1999). I was not aware that there is controversy of finances. I always assumed each state received its funding of basic projects such as education and health from the federal government and then they dealt exclusively with the delivery of the services. I also had no idea of the fat that these duties and responsibilities even though they intertwine have separation through the constitution. Smith, Greenblatt and Mariani, (2007) sheds more light by use of the constitution of the roles which should be performed by the two in regards to finances. The tenth amendment for example explains that the state carries out the most mandates in regards to the running of the state and federal government only comes in when it is mandated by the constitution. The main themes include the relationship between state and federal government and how the tenth amendment and the commerce act and even the constitution itself have tried to differentiate the duties and responsibility to no avail. There is also separation of duties of the state and local government which are slightly intertwined. The other theme discussed in the reading by Smith, Greenblatt and Mariani, (2007) is the division of labor in the state and the roles of some of the people such as governor. This also leads to the theme about the responsibilities that the state has towards the towns and counties. The controversy between the powers and laws of federal and state government have left me opting for the federal government to leave the states to run their own affairs as best as they can without interference from the federal

Music Contract Negotiations & Publishing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Music Contract Negotiations & Publishing - Essay Example Some of areas may be found inappropriate by the Artiste to promote its musical production (like advertising on hygiene accommodation or etc.). The Artiste also may oppose using some promotional methods (like spread of information the Artiste finds damaging or etc.) (b) This part of the clause brings similar concerns on performing recordings and the Artiste publicly. Areas where the Company will, or will not use the product should be previously mutually agreed within the Contract, or a form of consultation for the areas should be required. Additionally, selling recordings for a commercial, but strange from traditional music industry (for example, tunes for doorbells or etc.) enterprises should require a consultation too (Morley, 2000). Clause 5 recognizes a size of music expected to be produced by the Artiste for each period as one album and one single per period, yet clause 1.1 and clause 1.8 bring a poor notion on what ‘album’ and ‘single’ are correspondently. Therefore, no limits are settled on number of songs, or for a playing time count of a song, making clause 5 unclear. The mutual agreement in the Contract on a minimum/ maximum number of songs is recommended. Clause 6.2 reserves the right for the Artist to give and/ or sell other non-musical production and services independently from the Company, yet the definition of the non-musical activity is very unclear. To escape violation of the Contract in future the types of not allowed artistic activity should be defined by the Company, paying a specific attention on borderline cases (on the example of clause 6.5). In clause 9.1 the Company proposes the Artist to receive 40% of the ‘net profits’, and this may be a point of argument. Commonly small independent labels as the Company is propose a fifty-fifty percent of a ‘net profits to share after the covering of previously agreed recording coasts

Sexualized Dual Relationships In Therapy Social Work Essay

Sexualized Dual Relationships In Therapy Social Work Essay The main concern as a counselor is creating and managing professional limits, which must always center on the best interests of the client. However, except for behaviors of an illegal nature, ethical concerns can negatively interfere with ones work because there are no straightforward answers. The detrimental effect of sexual intimacies within a professional counseling relationship makes it apparent that it is always inappropriate to have a sexual relationship with a client. In the first part of this paper, a case study of a client who engaged in a sexual relationship with her former psychologist is illustrated. Main ethical concerns, application of specific ethical codes, techniques to address the issue, and an ethical decision-making process are analyzed to resolve the case. In the second part of this paper, an interview is conducted with a clinical psychologist, which highlights the issues relating to ethical standards and practices, transference, multicultural concerns, boundary violations, and supervision. Introduction The structure within which a therapist and client relationship occurs is beneficial for adequate counseling. Healthy limits create a relationship that is proficient, trusting, and demonstrates an environment for competent psychological counseling. Therapists must know that ethical violations can relate to the gray areas between transference and countertransference (Redlich, 1990). Corey, Corey, Callanan, (2011) state that sexual relationships between therapists and clients continue to receive substantial research in the professional literature. Sexual relationships with clients are undoubtedly unethical, and all of the main professional ethics codes have explicit prohibitions against these violations. Furthermore, such relationships are a violation of the law. The power imbalances may continue to sway the client well after the end of the counseling relationship, and professional standards forbid a therapist from engaging in any sexual relationship with a past client in which counsel ing service was provided in the past five years (Bouhoutsos Greenberg, 1999). Therapists must know that any dating relationship is considered a form of inappropriate behavior that could fall within the classification of sexual abuse. The harmful effects of sexual abuse within the professional standards makes it obvious that it is inappropriate to have a sexual relationship with a client. The Dilemma Rachel, a 24-year-old client, comes into her counselors office and states that she feels suicidal because she engaged in a sexual relationship with her former psychologist. Because the assessment and management of a suicidal client is extremely serious, the counselor addresses this issue immediately. As she approaches the suicide assessment, the counselor keeps three things in mind: consult with a colleague for another opinion, document the process, and evaluate the clients risk for harming herself (Corey, Corey, Callanan, 2011). The counselor asks Rachel to sign a no-suicide contract. In the contract, she agrees to avoid harming herself, but if she feels she cannot control herself, she would call 911, or another person who is close to her and she can trust. The counselor also asks her to talk with her family about her feelings. Rachel states that she disclosed to them that she is very depressed and is feeling suicidal. The counselor explains to Rachel at length about dual relationships. Usually when there is an ethical infringement such as a psychologist having a sexual relationship with a client, the relationship begins with a non-sexual relationship (Brown, 2002). Rachel says the relationship began in good faith and as time passed, the boundaries between her and the psychologist began to weaken. The risk of harm occurring to Rachel increased as the psychologist and client became more intimate, and there is a greater power differential just as there exists between men and women in general. The counselor explains about how these professionals may exploit and seduce female clients intentionally for their own satisfactions. Rachel proceeds to tell her counselor about the symptoms and feelings she is experiencing: a sense of guilt; emptiness and isolation; sexual confusion; trust issues; role confusion in therapy; severe depression and acute anxiety; suppressed anger; and cognitive dysfunction involving flashbacks, nightmares, and intrusive thoughts. The counselor concludes that the client is indeed experiencing almost all of the symptoms described as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Main Ethical Concerns A professional counseling relationship, which involves sexual relations, is against the law. Sexual exploitation in a professional counseling relationship is described as, sexual involvement or additional forms of physical relations between a practitioner and a client (Brown, 2002, pg. 79). Situations involving sexual actions between a counselor and client are never acceptable. According to Moustacalis (1998), sexual activity between a client and counselor is always damaging to client well-being, despite of what reason or beliefs the counselor chooses to justify it. However, client consent and compliance to participate in a sexual relationship does not diminish the practitioner of his duties and responsibilities for adhering to ethical standards. Failure to take responsibility for the professional relationship and permitting a sexual relationship to develop is a mistreatment of authority and confidence, which are exclusive and fundamental to the therapist and client relationship. In any professional counseling relationship, there is an innate power inequity. In this case study, the former therapists power arises through the clients belief that the therapist has the proficiency to help with her problems, and the clients confession of personal information, which is usually kept secret. The reality that counseling services cannot be successful unless clients are willing to open up does not change the main power imbalance (Moustacalis, 1998). Therefore, the psychologist has an important responsibility to take action, do no harm, and is ultimately liable for managing boundary issues if violations occur. Ironically, the former therapist in this case failed to maintain appropriate professional ethical standards and caused psychological damage to his client instead of promoting a trusting and healthy professional relationship. Because of the seriousness and complexity of these sexual boundary violations, Rachel currently suffers from suicidal thoughts, depression, an xiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The power difference that is in the therapist-client relationship causes Rachel to find it complicated to discuss boundaries or to recognize and defend herself against ethical violations. In addition, clients may at times prompt a sexual relationship and their behavior could promote violations (Marmor, 2000). Application of Specific Ethical Codes Techniques to Address Dilemma According to the 2005 American Counseling Associations (ACA) Code of Ethical Standards, Sexual or romantic counselor-client interactions or relationships with current clients, their romantic partners, or their family members are prohibited (A.5.a). Relating to former clients, Sexual or romantic counselor-client interactions or relationships with former clients, their romantic partners, or their family members are prohibited for a period of 5 years following the last professional contact. Counselors, before engaging in sexual or romantic interactions or relationships with clients, their romantic partners, or client family members after 5 years following the last professional contact, demonstrate forethought and document (in written form) whether the interactions or relationship can be viewed as exploitive in some way and/or whether there is still potential to harm the former client; in cases of potential exploitation and/or harm, the counselor avoids entering such an interaction or re lationship (A.5.b). In this case, Rachels emotional intensity and stress generated due to difficult or conflicted personal relational situations may override her understanding of healthy therapeutic and relational processes. In addition, it suggests clients, such as Rachel, who possess little therapeutic knowledge relating to boundary violations, or with limited understanding of therapy, are particularly vulnerable (Marmor, 2000). The ACA Code of Ethical Standards also states that counselors act to avoid harming their clients (A.4.a). During their sexual relationship, Rachels former practitioner may assume she is responsible in the relationship and can sustain herself emotionally and psychologically. However, not all clients have this ability and look to their therapist for support. Engaging in a dual sexualized relationship is destructive to client welfare and is a dysfunctional means to offer security to a vulnerable client (Robinson, Reid, 2000). Techniques to address this case are complex, yet imperative to consider. First, Rachels former therapist needs to be reported to the state licensing board for ethical complaints of sexual intimacies with a client (Hall, 2001). During this process, Rachel should know that a breach of client confidentiality will occur as a part of the reporting process. Next, Rachel must find a reputable attorney because there is a good possibility that the former therapist may deny the accusation or blame Rachel by saying she is making false claims. The former therapist could be the subject of a lawsuit. Malpractice is a serious legal concept involving the failure of a professional to provide the level of services or to implement the skill that is normally expected of other professionals (Hall, 2001). He risks having his license taken away or suspended as well as losing his insurance coverage and his credibility as a therapist. This ethical violation could have been avoided if the therapist carefully considered the dynamics of a healthy therapeutic relationship and put the clients needs before his own. Decision-Making Process The ethical decision making process used for the case of Rachel would be to first define the problem. Rachel is in search of counseling because she engaged in an intimate, sexual relationship with her former psychologist. Rachel currently feels guilty and resentful toward her former psychologist and is experiencing suicidal thoughts. The next vital step in ethical decision making is evaluating moral principles (Corey, Corey, Callanan, 2011). In this case, the moral principle that would take priority is non-maleficence. Rachel expressed her need to talk with a counselor and feels she has a limited number of people she can trust. Since the former therapist violated the sense of non-maleficence, it may cause Rachel harm if the current therapist were to defy her trust because Rachel could panic and hurt herself if she feels she has no other option. Rachel must form a trusting relationship with her current counselor, and the counselor must maintain that sense of trust. The next step woul d be to talk with a supervisor or colleague to hear other perspectives or ideas. The fourth step is to make sure as her current therapist, decisions are not influenced by emotions (Corey, Corey, Callanan, 2011). Having emotional awareness can ensure an accurate assessment of the situation. Therefore, encouraging Rachel and building up her sense of self-worth is essential. By creating a plan that includes psychological help along with legal action, Rachel will likely feel as though she has some control when assessing each option. The final step is implementation, and the therapist should help Rachel follow through with her plan. Interview Dr. Jennifer Lambert is a clinical psychologist and received her Psy.D from the University of Illinois. During the 45-minute interview, she provided thoughtful insight into the issues relating to ethical standards and practices, transference, multicultural concerns, boundary violations, and supervision. First, making ethical decisions involves developing an acceptance for dealing with gray areas and coping with uncertainty. Even though awareness of the ethical standards of ones profession is significant, this knowledge is not enough. Ethical codes provide direction in assisting one in making the best informed-decisions for the benefit of clients and the practitioner. These standards may differ among agencies, and it is vital that every human service professional becomes aware of the exact policies of the agency. Secondly, Dr. Lambert discussed an example of transference. She is a supervisor for an adolescent mental health clinic and works with many great colleagues. One of her colleagues is an excellent therapist, but often she asks Dr. Lambert for marital advice. She does her best not to sway her colleague because Dr. Lambert knows the harm it could cause to their relationship. Instead, she encourages her colleague to inspect her own beliefs and values without imposing or giving direct advice. This story is an example of colleague transference and possible dependency if Dr. Lambert is not cautious when discussing these issues. Next, Dr. Lambert spoke about multicultural concerns and boundary violations in therapy. As a therapist, it is key to know and appreciate ones own cultural background, yet not push values onto clients. To be effective with diverse clients, therapists must accept and celebrate cultural differences and view them as a positive learning experience. By practicing acceptance while being curious, it will bring understanding between cultures and assist in expanding trust in the therapeutic relationship. Maintaining professional and personal boundaries is a necessity in the therapeutic process. If a therapist becomes emotionally over-involved with a client, counselors will likely lose their objectivity and ultimately cannot exercise proper judgment in the helping process. When counseling adolescents, maintaining appropriate boundaries can be complicated. Often, an adolescent sees the therapist as a friend to confide in, but if the young client becomes too dependent, relationship boundaries ma y be crossed. This can also violate boundaries if the therapist does not address the dependency. Lastly, a vital element in the licensing process is supervision. Dr. Lambert believes the role played by the supervisor is important for the appropriate development of the trainee. The supervisee should be open to the ideas and leadership style of the supervisor. Above all, supervision was developed to help future therapists enhance their competency and during this process, the trainee will learn the necessary skills that will assist them in their entire professional career. One challenge to supervision is the continuous shortage of qualified professionals and the incapability to supply sufficient hours for proper competency development. When choosing a supervisor, an individual with a good moral and ethical approach is an area of concern. This factor would assist in developing a proper personal approach, and a supervisor must teach by example the importance of understanding transference/counter-transference, diversity, and rapport. Supervision is a support system, which gives the op portunity to present challenges that one may not be prepared to deal with when they occur. Summary Ethical decision making in the counseling field is a continuing assessment with no simple answers. In order to encourage the well-being of clients, counselors must always balance the professional ethical codes with their own life experiences and personal values to make critical decisions about how to assist their clients successfully (Redlich, 1990). Therefore, understanding the ethical codes and the effect of inadequate counseling practices are helpful for counselors as they maintain therapeutic relationships with clients. Nonetheless, even though professional codes of ethics offer guidelines for how counselors should act with clients, they do not give complete answers for how counselors must act in every circumstance. Ideally, counselors should integrate their knowledge of professional ethics with good judgment to facilitate the best interests of their clients. It is imperative for counselors to create personal and professional boundaries with their clients in order to avoid proble ms such as unethical counseling, favoritism, exploitation, harm, etc (Corey, Corey, Callanan, 2011). Counselors must treat all clients respectfully, compassionately, and responsibly, while not compromising the professional relationship established with them.

Interest Groups Essay

Are interest groups useful or harmful? Interest groups, also referred to as: special interests, pressure groups, organized interests, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), political groups, lobby groups and public interest groups, are organized collections of people or organizations whose goal is to influence public policy (511). ‘Interest groups’ is a term that encompasses a variety of organized groups including public interest groups, business and economic groups, governmental unites, and political action committees(512). Through lobbying, interest groups prove useful in increasing public awareness about important issues, helping to frame the public agenda, and monitor programs to guarantee effective implementation. Interest groups exist for nearly every type of person who is willing to work together with others who share their goals. Interest groups that define themselves as ‘public interest groups’ seek a collective good, the achievement of which will not selectively and materially benefit th e membership or activists of the organization(512). Today we see examples of this in civil liberties groups, environmental groups, and groups that speak for those who cannot (children, the mentally ill, or animals (512). ‘Economic interest groups’ have the goal of promoting the economic interest of their members, for example, trade and professional groups (513). ‘Governmental units’ are the state and local governments that lobby the federal government to make decisions in their favor. Mostly, these state and local governments are lobbying to attain ‘earmarks’ or funding from the federal budget that an appropriations bill designates for specific projects within a state or congressional district (513). In 1974, after amendments to the Federal Election Campaign Act, it became legal for these interest groups to form political action committees (PACs), or officially registered fund raising organization that represents interest groups in the politica l process. Unlike interest groups, PACs do not have formal members; they simply have contributors who seek to influence public policy by electing legislators sympathetic to their aims. By having so many different kinds of interest groups and PACs, we see that everyone’s opinion comes into consideration politically. Although members of interest groups do not run candidates for office, they become politically active when their members believe that a government policy threatens or affects the group’s goals. Lobbying is quintessential of interest groups. The term lobbying is used to  describe the activities of a group or organization that seek to persuade political leaders to support the group’s decision (521). When interest groups become active politically, they use the technique lobbying to make their interests heard and understood by those who are in a position to influence or cause change in governmental policies, usually by testifying at hearings or contacting legislators directly(521). Interest groups often lobby congress by making a congressional testimony on behalf of the group, writing letters from interested constitutes and making campaign contributions. It is no surprise that some of the most effective lobbyists are former members of Congress, staff aides, and other Washington insiders. Lobbying in Congress, as in all lobbying is successful when the lobbyist has a good reputation for fair play and provides the people they are trying to persuade with accurate information (522). Interest groups can lobby one or more levels of the executive branch of government to influence policy by, again, providing accurate information and a clear sense of where the public stands(522). Interest g roups also lobby the courts. When interest groups are lobbying the courts, they either use the form of ‘direct sponsorship’ or the filing of ‘amicus curiae’ briefs. Direct sponsorship is when the lobbyist provides resources to direct a case through the judicial system. If a case comes up that an interest group is interested in, but not sponsoring, they can file an ‘amicus’ brief to inform the justices of the group’s policy preferences (523). No matter who is being lobbied, most interest groups have found that they are most successful when ‘grassroots lobbying’ is put into play, where the masses are informed as to what the interest group’s goal is and there is high public awareness of the issue. In addition to lobbying, interest groups play a key role in the electoral process. Interest groups will recruit, endorse, and/ or provide financial or other support for political candidates to focus voter’s attention on candidates who advocate policies that will help achieve the interest group’s goals. Some ideological groups will go as far as to rate the candidates to provide a clear guide for their members and the general public as to how they feel about the candidate. In addition to simply endorsing the candidates of their choices, there have been many get-out-the-vote (GOTV) efforts. PACs are allowed to raise money to contribute directly to political candidates in national elections. Interest groups are essential during an  election because they do the research on candidates for people who would normally not do so(525). Like in any type of group, there have been some cases of corruption among interest groups. In 2006, Jack Abramoff pleaded guilty to corruption charges which led to the passing of the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act in 2007. The act restricted and reformed a lot of the practices that had been going on. It banned gifts to members of Congress and their staffs, made extensive disclosure requirements, and increased the time limit on moving from the federal government to the private sector (529). Interest groups are essential to U.S. politics in that, through their influence, they enhance political participation by motivating like- minded individuals to work toward a common goal. When the right leaders, funding, and members interest groups can take pride when they know they have made a difference in election outcomes.

Management: Human Resources Essay

Human Resources are perhaps the most important factors in attainment of organizational objectives. For years, this aspect of management has been overlooked or in a sense has not been given the importance that it deserves. During the course of this particular paper, the author shall try to focus over the points which make human resources the most crucial point for organizational prosperity and what a manager shall do in order to increase the efficiency of the workers. Undervaluation of intellect capital: The businesses rely on a number of resources in order to attain various goals and objectives. But this has been a proven fact that no other resource is so crucial in organizational progress like that of the human resources. The human resources bring along with them knowledge and information which are perhaps pretty crucial in achieving overall objectives. It is so crucial for the organization to make sure that the relevant data and information flows in the current direction and is present in almost all parts of the business organization. Even though the organizations have not been giving too much of importance to the intellectual capital as of today, still future belongs to this factor only. The managers need to develop proper models for developing, retaining and managing the intellectual resources of the business organization. As the General Manager, the author would like to propose a model for managing the intellectual capital of the business organization. The author proposes a simple model for management of intellectual capital of the business organization. The model consists of the following major elements:  · Strategic Direction and Vision: This element could be derived from the human resources of the business organization. The strategies are formulated by human resources and the vision of the organization is also decided by the human resources.  · Focus on the customers: The prime source of organizational prosperity.  · Products and processes: which the organization is dealing in.  · Culture of the organization These elements together constitute the intellectual capital for any kind of business. It becomes so crucial for any business form to ensure that all the four elements are managed in best possible way in order to make sure that overall intellectual capital is retained within the organization. Intellectual capital, in both the structural and human forms, comes together with customer knowledge. It is a winning combination. Capabilities Audit: Contribution in assessing the performance of the organization: In today’s business environment, the identity of any organization is not restricted to the output which they are producing, neither on the quarterly results or any related issues. The organizations are known for their capabilities. The manager should have the knowledge about the potential of the workforce and overall capabilities of the organization. Ulrich and Smallwood have suggested a pretty powerful and efficient way to assess the intangible resources of the business organization. A capabilities audit â€Å"provides a high level picture of an organization’s strengths and areas for improvement.†Ã‚   (Smallwood, Ulrich, 2007) The scope of capabilities audit is huge and it could really help in increasing the efficiency of the organization as it includes a number of points which cover almost all the concerned areas of the business organization. A custom capabilities audit includes the following points:  · What are the competencies and capabilities of the workforce: Are they able to deliver the products and services in accordance to customer’s expectations.  · Can the organization change in accordance to the ever dynamic business environment.  · What is the work culture of the organization? Are both customers and employees part of the organizational culture?  · What is more importance for the organization: High performance or following the strategies?  · What are the ways by which both efficiency and leverage could be attained?  · What is the level of the organization as compared with the changing global environment?  · The quality of leaders and the leadership styles in the organization.  · What is the amount of trust which we share with the customers?  · Do our employees share an intellectual, behavioural, and procedural agenda for our strategy?  · The amount of innovation in various aspects of the business.  · How important is cost reduction and cost management for the organization. Evaluation of HR functions in the organization: Talking about the author’s organization, HR happens to be one of the most important functions of the organization. Traditionally the organization concerned HR as a cost centre and something which could not be considered as a profit generating centre for the organization. But with development in management ideas, it was found that HRM is most crucial aspect in attainment of organization’s strategic objectives. HR function actively contributes in attaining organizational objectives. Every organization should have the capacity to retain the talent and knowledge which are crucial in context of the organizational success. Each person has got a different perception, attitude and outlook in life. These three factors are those, which he carries with him all the time, even while working in an organization. A manager has to make sure that he takes a different approach while dealing with different people. And this is where the real challenge lies—an HR manager has to make use of maximum skills, even in pettiest situations. Of course, the task of HR manager becomes even more difficult when the size and complexities of business increases. HR manager’s task also becomes so difficult due to diversity present in the workforce. HRM includes a series of activities that includes the staffing and recruitment of the people required for an organization, along with deciding the source and method to hire the people. (Bratton, Gold, 2001).

Greek and Roman Environment - 1030 Words

Looking at the environment today, one can easily say that the goodness of the environment is deteriorating due to the lack of concern and care. However, many dont realise that most of the environmental problems that we have today such as erosion and forest depletion is actually the after math of environmental disasters that happened years ago. When examining the environmental problems of the ancient Greeks and Romans, the statement â€Å"cause and effect†, plays a very significant role in explaining the relationship between humans of that time and the effects that had placed on the environment around them. In many cases, the effects of their cause were very threatening to the environment. By looking back and what the Greeks and Romans had†¦show more content†¦Hughes states that after â€Å"the trees had been cut down around Philippi, the waters dried up and the weather became warmer. Such impacts were no doubt most serious in marginal areas such as the edges of the S ahara and Arabian deserts† (Donald Hughes 85). The third major concern is malaria and other illnesses. Although this wasn’t a primary result of deforestation, it is still considered to be a significant one. Due to less tress and more marshes, mosquitoes increased dramatically. Therefore malaria had dramatically spread as well because mosquitoes were the carriers. â€Å"The Romans periodically embarked on ambitious programs for the draining of marshlands, destroying wildlife habitat as they did so† (Donald Hughes 65). The fourth and final concern is effects on the economy. Since wood was a vital resource for the ancient Greeks and Romans, deforestation had increased the price of wood and â€Å"lumber became rarer and had to be imported over longer distances† (Donald Hughes 85). Therefore â€Å"the shortage and high cost of building timber due to deforestation contributed to the shift from wood to stone construction† (Donald Hughes 86). During the ti me of the ancient Greeks and Romans, it is acceptable to understand that at that time there wasn’t enough knowledge to maintain a balance with the environment, hence the Greeks and Romans had failed. â€Å"There are four factors thatShow MoreRelatedThe Roman Medicine991 Words   |  4 Pagessana in corpore sano† (Juvenal 10.356). A healthy mind in a healthy body, the Ancient Romans lived by this motto. The Ancient Romans believed that the health of the people was key to success in war and in creating a prosperous empire. Roman texts that have been gathered overtime have greatly influenced modern medical practices and without them, modern medicine would not be as advanced as it is today. The Ancient Romans learned numerous details about the human body and applied their knowledge in waysRead MoreAncient Greek And Romes Impact On Western Literature1642 Words   |  7 Pages The impact greek and roman culture had on western civilization The ancient Greeks and Romans were two of the greatest civilizations of the ancient world. The two civilizations thrived in their ancient environments which eventually led to a large amount of wealth within these two cultures. It is because of this that these ancient cultures were able to make a variety of advancements in literature, architecture, art and many other fields. These two civilizations also produced some of the ancient world’sRead MoreThe Roman And Greek Civilization940 Words   |  4 Pagestoilet to modern roads and concrete, both the Roman and Greek civilization terraformed the world and our homes. 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